摘要
为探究植物源生物刺激素花粉多糖对高温干旱逆境下小麦生理代谢、生长恢复及产量品质的调控作用，通过盆栽模拟与大田验证试验，设置清水对照（CK）、脱落酸处理（ABA，25 μmol/L）、花粉多糖800倍液（SF1）和400倍液（SF2）4个处理，测定小麦抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、生长恢复指标、齐穗期农艺性状及产量品质相关参数。结果表明：①高温干旱条件下，花粉多糖可显著提高小麦超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，降低丙二醛（MDA）含量，且800倍处理效果优于ABA；②花粉多糖400倍处理下小麦干旱后恢复率达75.00%，显著高于对照处理，可缓解高温干旱对小麦的影响；③齐穗期花粉多糖处理可改善小麦旗叶叶长、叶宽与叶面积指数，提升光合效率；④花粉多糖处理可使小麦有效穗数及籽粒千粒重增加9.38%、12.51%，亩产增幅31.20%，同时花粉多糖处理能显著改善小麦籽粒品质，促进蛋白质及淀粉含量增加58.82%、13.18%。综上，花粉多糖可通过提升小麦抗氧化能力、促进高温干旱后生长恢复、优化农艺性状，实现小麦产量与品质的协同提升，为高温干旱逆境下小麦抗逆栽培及花粉多糖的田间应用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。
关键词： 生物刺激素；花粉多糖；高温干旱胁迫；抗氧化酶；小麦；营养品质
Abstract
To explore the regulatory effects of plant-derived biostimulant pollen polysaccharide on physiological metabolism, growth recovery, yield, and quality of wheat under high temperature and drought stress, pot simulation and field verification experiments were conducted. Four treatments were set up: a control group with distilled water (CK), abscisic acid treatment (ABA, 25 μmol/L), and pollen polysaccharide treatments at 800-fold dilution (SF1) and 400-fold dilution (SF2). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, growth recovery indicators, agronomic traits at the full heading stage, and yield and quality-related parameters of wheat were measured. The results showed that: ① Under high temperature and drought conditions, pollen polysaccharide significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and reduced MDA content, with the 800-fold dilution treatment showing better effects than ABA; ② The recovery rate of wheat after drought treatment with pollen polysaccharide at 400-fold dilution reached 75.00%, significantly higher than that of the control treatment, indicating that it could alleviate the effects of high temperature and drought on wheat; ③ Pollen polysaccharide treatment at the full heading stage improved the flag leaf length, width, and leaf area index of wheat, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency; ④ Pollen polysaccharide treatment increased the effective spike number and grain weight per 1000 grains by 12.68% and 14.29%, respectively, with a yield increase of 27.32% per mu. Additionally, pollen polysaccharide treatment significantly improved wheat grain quality, promoting an increase in protein and starch content by 58.82% and 13.18%, respectively. In summary, pollen polysaccharide can enhance wheat yield and quality by improving its antioxidant capacity, promoting growth recovery after high temperature and drought stress, and optimizing agronomic traits. This provides theoretical basis and technical support for wheat stress-resistant cultivation under high temperature and drought conditions and the field application of pollen polysaccharide.
Key words： Biostimulants; Pollen polysaccharides; High temperature and drought conditions; Antioxidant enzymes; Wheat; Nutritional quality
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