摘要
本研究以三个高代自交系茄19-37、茄19-38和茄19-31，配制成两个杂交组合，组合一为茄19-37和茄19-38杂交，组合二为茄19-37与茄19-31杂交，再分别进行自交、回交，建成P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2六个世代，当果实达到可食用成熟度时采下，使用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定茄子果实可溶性糖含量，利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析法研究可溶性糖的遗传规律。结果表明：两个杂交组合可溶性糖的F2、B1、B2三个分离群体均符合连续变异和正态分布，符合多基因控制的遗传规律，经过分析得出两个组合可溶性糖的遗传特性均适用于B-1模型，即2对主基因加性-显性-上位性模型，两个组合的B2群体受到的主基因遗传率较高，两个组合的F2群体遗传受到的环境影响比较大，说明不适宜早期选种，适合在较晚时选种。研究结果可为茄子品质遗传和新品种选育提供理论依据。
关键词： 茄子；可溶性糖；遗传；主基因；多基因
Abstract
In this study, three high-generation inbred lines of eggplant 19-37, eggplant 19-38 and 19-31 were used to prepare two hybrid combinations for selfing and backcrossing, respectively, and six generations of P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 were established. When the fruit reached edible maturity, the soluble sugar content of eggplant fruit was determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry, and the genetic law of soluble sugar was studied by the main gene + polygene mixed genetic model analysis. The results showed that the F2, B1 and B2 segregation populations of soluble sugar in eggplant hybrid combinations were in line with continuous variation and normal distribution, which was in line with the genetic law of multi-gene control. After analysis, it was concluded that the genetic characteristics of soluble sugar in the two combinations were suitable for the B-1 model, namely, the additive-dominant-epistatic model of two pairs of main genes. The B2 population of the two combinations was subject to a high genetic rate of main genes, and the F2 population of the two combinations was subject to a relatively large environmental impact, indicating that it was not suitable for early selection and suitable for late selection. The results can provide theoretical basis for quality inheritance and new variety breeding of eggplant.
Key words： Eggplant; Soluble sugar; Heredity; Major gene; Polygene
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