Research progress on polyploidy mutagenesis of chinese cabbage vegetables
白菜类蔬菜多倍体诱变研究进展

摘要

白菜原产于我国，分结球白菜和不结球白菜，结球白菜又称大白菜，不结球白菜又称小白菜、青菜、菜薹等；是我国各地主要的叶菜之一，在蔬菜生产和市场供应中占有重要地位。多倍体植物在形态上具有巨大性，表现为根、茎、叶、花的增大。白菜类蔬菜主要以柔嫩叶丛、叶球、花薹或嫩茎为食用器官，巨大而肥嫩的食用器官正是消费者需要的。多倍体植株形态巨大性的特点在白菜上的表现尤其重要，也最具开发价值。本文概述了白菜多倍体育种概况、秋水仙素诱导白菜多倍体的方法、多倍体的鉴定方法和白菜多倍体特性，探讨了多倍体诱导技术在白菜种育种中的研究与应用潜力。白菜四倍体相比较二倍体植株更重、叶片增大、叶片更加圆润，从而使白菜品种更加健壮，产量更高，也能满足民众的消费需求。白菜四倍体的品质更优，叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、氨基酸、维生素C和可溶性糖的含量较二倍体明显增加，粗纤维含量下降。并且四倍体白菜与二倍体杂交不亲和，不会与其他二倍体白菜天然杂交，易于留种保纯。因此，诱变白菜多倍体，培育白菜多倍体新品种，并且在生产中推广应用具有重要的意义。

Abstract

Chinese cabbage is native to China, divided into Chinese cabbage and non-heading Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage is also known as celery cabbage, non-heading Chinese cabbage is also known as pakchoi, garden sass, flowering Chinese cabbage, etc.; it is one of the main leafy vegetables in various parts of China, and occupies an important position in vegetable production and market supply. Polyploid plants are morphologically enormous, manifested by the enlargement of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Chinese cabbage vegetables mainly use tender leaf clusters, leaf bulbs, flowers or young stems as edible organs, and the huge and tender edible organs are exactly what consumers need. The characteristics of the morphological giganticity of polyploid plants are particularly important in the performance of Chinese cabbage, and they are also of the most development value. In this paper, the overview of Chinese cabbage multiplication sports species, the method of colchicine induction and polyploidy of Chinese Cabbage species, the identification method of polyploidy and the characteristics of Chinese cabbage polyploidy are summarized, and the research and application potential of polyploidy induction technology in cabbage breeding is discussed. Compared with diploid plants, Chinese cabbage tetraploid plants are heavier, the leaves are enlarged, and the leaves are more rounded, so that the Chinese cabbage varieties are more robust, the yield is higher, and it can also meet the consumption needs of the people. The quality of tetraploidy in Chinese cabbage is better, and the content of chlorophyll, soluble protein, amino acids, vitamin C and soluble sugars is significantly increased compared with diploid, and the content of crude fiber is decreased. And tetraploid Chinese cabbage and diploid hybridization is not affinity, will not be naturally hybridized with other diploid Chinese cabbage, easy to keep seeds and pure. Therefore, it is of great significance to mutagenic Chinese cabbage polyploidy, cultivate new varieties of Chinese cabbage polyploidy, and promote and apply in production.